Hypertension Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hypertension - Assignment Example The DASH eating plan tends to also regulate the amount of saturated fat, unsaturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrate, magnesium, fiber and other essential nutrients in food. It has helped me realize the numerous benefits of less sodium consumption and higher potassium intake. The advantages are varied that range from fast reduction of blood pressure, it helps in reducing cholesterol in a phased manner, the reduction of insulin resistance, the prevention of heart diseases and strokes, the prevention of any types of chronic liver aliments, it delays and even fights against osteoporosis, it reduces the risk of certain types of cancers, it mitigates obesity and also leads to an overall feeling of wellness (Coben 95). There is also an increased effort on maintaining an overall healthy lifestyle that involves eating food in the right proportions. This assignment about hypertension has inculcated the values of healthy living in me, other than the food intake aspect of this plan. It espouses eating food in right portions and in moderation. The food should be comprised of higher levels of grains, fiber, potassium, green vegetables, low quantities of red meat and alcohol (Karppanen and Mervaala 126). Healthy lifestyle and exercising is also a part of this plan. This hypertension plan emphasizes the need for exercising five to six times a week. It also allots a lot of importance on keeping a brisk lifestyle. Overall, this assignment has helped me to learn about the importance of lower sodium intake, higher potassium intake, the importance of DASH diet, weight loss and a healthy

Feminine Mystique for American society in 1960 Essay

Feminine Mystique for American society in 1960 - Essay Example Feminine Mystique for American society in 1960 Feminine Mystique had helped the women to express their irritations and dissatisfactions that have haunted them and with which they have dealt all alone. The spark was ignited by works of Betty Friedan in Feminine Mystique. The publication of such a work became the driving factor of forcing women to think about her own independent lifestyle. They appeared to be content, but a sort of irritation and dissatisfaction was growing within them. They were simply afraid to end up their life totally in this fashion with no recreation. A true feminist at that time was never supposed to demand for a successful working career or financial independence. The deep cultural changes were dragging women to workplaces and there they also ended up with dissatisfaction witnessing huge gender discrimination and more pay for male employees (unequal remuneration). Several protests led to social reforms in America after that. Keeping this at the backdrop, the essay addresses the wave of change that stirred t he American society in 1960s with publication of Feminine Mystique, which created a national debate about women’s roles and over time acknowledged as one of the significant works of the modern women’s movement. Interviews and surveys of contemporaries have been conducted by reputed organizations to find out the life of American women during 1960 i.e. post World War II. The Gallup organization had conducted 18,000 interviews of mainly divorced and aged women all hailing from 1960s.The respondents were mainly in their mid thirties with just basic education. Most of them were having a child or two and were complete homemakers during 1960s. These women were those who had witnessed World War II and got married some years post war. Stephaine Coontz’s opinions about women of 1960 has been captured in her remarks, â€Å"To modern generations these women’s lives seem as outmoded as the white gloves and pert hats they wore when they left the shelter of their homes† (Coontz, xii). Such remarks give an idea of women during the mid 20th century. It also emphasizes the value and credibility of their lives when viewed from the perspective of modern society. Women then were seen only a s taking care of their husbands and parents. She had to do all the household chores hardly getting any time for herself. In one part of The Help the author Kathryn Stockett describes Leefolt saying â€Å"Twenty three years old and she lanky as a fourteen year old boy. Even her hair is thin, brown and see through† (Stockett, 1). The author shows a contrasting feature compared to Feminine Mystique where some women in society had no time for baby care and left them in care of other women. Those other women did the job with utmost devotion irrespective of their physical and mental state. But the approach of both the works has been quite different although they deal with a similar issue. Feminine Mystique talks about the life of women in general during mid 20th century. But in The Help the author has narrated a story where a woman goes on to take care of another’s child after losing her own son. The American society of that time has been depicted therein. Child bearing also came at an early age as women began to get engaged right after high school. The marriage age of 20 had dropped to 17 (Freidan, 58). Such an early marriage affected the

Social Care Assessment for Child With Disabilities

Social Care Assessment for Child With Disabilities Social Work with Children and families Response to a letter from the GP of Amita Kaur, the mother of Gurnam. As a student social worker in a local authority Children with Disability team you will undertake an assessment in relation to Gurnam and his family. This report lays out the proposed method of assessment for Amita Kaur (DOB: 2.3.75) and her family of three children. The approach taken towards the assessment of Gurnam and his family draws from contemporary publications of professionals working in the fields of mental health, learning disabilities, education, and social service provision. The initial assessment of Ms Kaur’s health already made by her G.P stated that Ms Kaur has been ‘in a state of some considerable distress’ and that it was the opinion of her G.P that ‘she is quite worn out as a result of having to cope with substantial family responsibilities and pressures for a long period of time.’ As Ms Kaur is showing symptoms of depression, coupled with her own expression of concern that she was unable to maintain an adequate level of support for her children I propose that some form of social support is offered to help the family for the foreseeable future. I suggest that in order to ascertain the extent of Ms Kaur’s difficulties, and before I suggest any means of intervention, I would like to hear Ms Kaur’s opinion of her and her family’s situation. As highlighted by Gallimore et al (1999, p. 56) it is necessary for social services professionals â€Å"†¦ to regard families as partners to be empowered as active co-decision-makers rather than as cases to be managed†. The impact of parental mental-health problems on their children has already been well-established by research (Rutter Quinton 1984; Beardslee et al. 1998; Stallard et al. 2004. In Slack and Webber (2007). That Ms Kaur is experiencing feelings of vulnerability and concern for her children is an important consideration when considering the type of service to be offered. It is important that the family recognise that social services are here to offer support based upon informed cooperative decisions made between ourselves and themselves, and that we are here to constructively assess them. In our assessment it is important to consider the family as a whole; a working dynamic that has, up until now, been successful. As research suggests, family-centred services for young children with disabilities have promoted a ‘strength-based approach in promoting positive family functioning (Dunst, Trivette, Deal, 1988, 1 994; Powell, Batsche, Ferro, Fox, Dunlap, 1997; Weissbourd Kagan, 1989. In Lesar, (1998), p.263). This approach highlights the strengths in families that they can build on and that ‘the familys strengths, including the social networks and informal supports already available to and within the family, should be the foundation upon which new supports are designed or provided’ (Dunst et al., 1994. In Lesar, 1998, p.263). Through using family strengths as ‘building blocks and tools, the family becomes even stronger and more capable of supporting the well-being of individual family members and the family unit (Trivette, Dunst, Deal, Hamby, Sexton, 1994. Ibid). It is thus the aim of this assessment to work towards providing a program of support that can help to re-establish this working equilibrium between the family members, within the varying contexts of their home, working, and education environments. The extent of provision for the children’s disabilities while they are at home needs to be looked into, and the fact that the children are having negative experiences at school is something that also needs to be investigated further. These experiences could be related to independent stressors such as emotional changes in the individual children, or a change in their school environment and/or they could be directly associated to the stress being felt by Ms Kaur in their domestic environment. As suggested by Glidden, (1993, p.482), â€Å"†¦a family with a child who has a disability is a family with a disability. Glidden adds that in assessing the problems faced by such families, it is important to understand and distinguish between demands and stress exacerbating and causing situations (Glidden, 1993). The situation faced by Amita and her family entails a situation that has been building slowly, but steadily, over a period of time, and now represents a point that is beyo nd her control in terms of mental, financial, and time control. The long-term stress and demands of her situation, along with increased personal care have prompted the situation whereby her doctor has intervened with the Children’s Directorate Children with Disability Team. Gallimore et al (1999, p. 57) refer to this sort of situation as arising from â€Å"†¦the emotional costs of daily demands and strains†, and that the need for a sustainable daily routine that has manageable long term solutions for helping to reduce the sources of the problems is a paramount objective to the intervention of social services (Hansen, 1993). Throughout the assessment process we will do everything within our capabilities to reassure Ms Kaur that any intervention will be minimal and will aim to cause as little disruption to the family dynamic as possible. As research has suggested the influence of social support on families of children with disabilities is closely associated with: Better, more cohesive family adaptation (Bristol, 1983) A decrease in the number of out-of-home placements (Cole Meyer, 1989; Ger- man Maisto, 1982) greater maternal life satisfaction (Crnic, Greenberg, Ragozin, Robinson, Basham, 1983) Lowering of maternal stress levels (Kazak Mar- vin, 1984) Better parent-child interaction (Dunst, Trivette, Cross, 1986). (In Marcenko and Meyers (1991), p.186). It is thus our aim to offer a service of provision that will improve the family’s quality of life through measures which are constructive, supportive, and reliable. An efficient and prompt assessment process is essential as early intervention, can, in some cases, be crucial in avoiding the onset of more serious problems, which negatively affect parenting capacity and cause family life to ‘escalate into crisis or abuse.’ (D.O.H, 2000: p.xi). The government document â€Å"Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families† (Department of Health, 2000) has put forth a systematic guidance for the assessment of needs through analysis and recording of what has been and is happening in the household, as well as to the children. This document is written in close association with â€Å"The Children Act 1989†. The latter document states that: A child shall be taken to be in need if – a. he is unlikely to achieve or maintain or to have the opportunity of achieving or  maintaining, a reasonable standard of health or development without the  provision for him of services by a local authority †¦ b. his health or development is likely to be significantly impaired, or further  impaired, without the provision for him of such services; or c. he is disabled (Children Act 1989 s17(10). In DoH, 2000: 6) Considering that the family’s GP has already expressed concern about the children’s performance at school it is clear that the children’s needs meet the criteria as outlined in parts a-c of the Children’s Act 1989. Under that Act, the welfare of children is set forth under a series of requirements, regulations, and laws. Under Part V Protection of Children – practice guidance suggests that child assessment orders should allow for differing techniques to be employed to see to the needs of children based upon application by their family, the child, and or agencies. As Ms Kaur’s GP has expressed concerns for the children’s performance at school I think it appropriate that a joint assessment be undertaken by a staff member of the school and by a child support worker who together can make an informed and unbiased assessment of the children’s behaviour and performance at school. As highlighted by the DoH (2000:p.6) professionals from different agencies, especially from health and education, are ‘a key source of referral to social services departments of children who are, or may be, in need [..] they will be key in assisting social services departments to carry out their assessment functions under the Children Act 1989.’ Information from the school could be very helpful in the overall assessment and plan for service provision. I would also recommend that a leading professional who works full time with disabled children be called in to undertake an informal assessment of Gurnam. These reports should then be submitte d to the head of our department where they will be jointly discussed and used to inform our agency’s plan for services. Ms Gaur’s son Manjit, has been described by the family’s GP as ‘a cause for concern.’ The situation is described as follows: ‘He has a heart condition which has been successfully treated with surgery but which needs to be monitored on an out-patient basis. He has also been assessed as having some learning disabilities. While Amita is very satisfied with the educational programme that the school has been put in place for him, she is concerned that he has been bullied by other children for some considerable time. This has resulted in him being distressed and reluctant to go to school recently.’ The Special Education Needs and Disability Act (2001) suggests that it is the responsibility of the governing education institutional to make sure that the child is not placed at a disadvantage within the schooling system (Part 2). As Ms Akur is satisfied with the actual programme in place for Manjit there is no immediate cause for concern that he is experiencing discrimination. However, from the information given it appears that the physical problems which Manjit is experiencing is causing additional stress possibly arising from the negative attitudes of his peers towards him. Ms Kaur should be advised to approach the school about this problem, with an accompanying letter from her GP if necessary. As suggested by Sally Beveridge in her discussion concerning schools and special education needs, there will arise certain cases where a pupil will not be able to fully participate due to their having a restrictive impairment, and it is necessary that teachers know as much about children with SEN as possible before teaching them (Beveridge: 1999, 39). Therefore we would advise that the school make individual assessments of Manjit and of Gurnam possibly discussing the outcomes and proposals for action with us. The assessment plan will be agreed between all children and their mother. For the planning of children’s services it is necessary to recognise how problems can be interlinked, and that ‘everyone benefits if services are properly co-ordinated and integrated.’ (DoH, 2000:1). It is also the aim of Children’s Services Planning (Department of Health and Department for Education and Employment,1996. In DoH 2000: 1) to ‘identify the broad range and level of need in an area and to develop corporate, inter-agency, community based plans of action to provide the most effective network of services within the resources available.’ (Ibid). When assessing Ms Kaur and her family we must therefore consider the nature and availability of resources in their local area and how they can be best matched with the needs of the family. As outlined by the Doh (2000) service users sometimes report that they find assessment procedures to be ‘repetitive and uninformed by previous work.’ (p.7). However, having outlined a clear and co hesive framework for this assessment I am confident that Ms Kaur and her family will receive an efficient and constructive assessment by our team; one that will provide a fully comprehensive proposal for service provision that will suit their individual needs and their needs as a family. Bibliography Beveridge, S., 1999, Special Educational Needs in Schools. London: Routledge Department for Children, Schools and Families (2008) Common Assessment Framework. Retrieved on 11 February 2008 from http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/deliveringservices/caf/ Department of Health (2000) Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families. Stationary Office, Department of Health, London, United Kingdom [online]. Available from:  http://www.doh.gov.uk/quality.htm  [Accessed 17/07/08] Gallimore, R., Bernheimer, L., MacMilan, D., Speece, D., Vaughn, S. (1999) Developmental Perspectives on Children with High-Incidence Disabilities. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, N.J., United States Glidden, L. (1993) what we do not know about families with children who have developmental disabilities: Questionnaire on resources and stress as a case study. Vol. 97. American Journal on Mental Retardation Hansen, D. (1993) The child in family and school: Agency and the workings of time. In Cowan, P., Field, D., Hansen, D., Skolnick, A., Swanson, G. Family, self, and society: Toward a new agenda for family research. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, N.J., United States Hardcastle, D.A; Powers, P.R; and Wenocur, S, (2004). Community Practice: Theories and Skills for Social Workers. Oxford: Oxford University Press Lesar, S., ‘Parental Coping Strategies and Strengths in Families of Young Children with Disabilities.’ Family Relations, Vol. 47, No. 3, (Jul., 1998), pp. 263-268 National Council on Family Relations Office of Public Sector Information (2008) Children Act 1989. Retrieved on 11 February 2008  from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1989/Ukpga_19890041_en_1.htm Marcenko, M.O, and Meyers, J.C, (1991), ‘Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: Who Shares the Burden?’ Family Relations, Vol. 40, No. 2, (Apr., 1991), pp. 186-190. National Council on Family Relations Pardeck, J.T, (1999), Family Health: A Holistic Approach to Social Work Practice. Westport, CT: Auburn House Sheppard, M., (1991), Mental Health Work in the Community: Theory and Practice in Social Work and Community Psychiatric Nursing. London: Falmer Press Slack, K, and Webber, M, ‘Do we care? Adult mental health professionals’ attitudes towards supporting service users’ children.’ Child and Family Social Work . London: Blackwells (2007) 13, pp 72–79 Starfield B. Primary care: balancing health needs, services and technology. New  York: Oxford University Press; 1998. Special Education Needs and Disability Act (2001). Available from:  http://www.opsi.gov.uk/Acts/acts2001/ukpga_20010010_en_3  [Accessed 16/07/08] Umbarger, G., Stowe, M., Turnbull III, H. (2005) The Core Concepts of Health Policy Affecting Families Who Have Children with Disabilities. Vol. 15. Journal of Disability Studies

Essay --

Shakespeare’s Hamlet (1603) is one of the most popular dramas in world literature, as it examines the intensely passionate, but poisonous ambitions of King Claudius. He murders his own brother, King Hamlet, because he desires his throne, power, and wife. As a result of King Claudius’ fratricide, he inherits the â€Å"primal eldest curse† of the biblical Cain and Abel, and the dispersion of poison lethally ends his relationship with several major characters. This includes, of course, Prince Hamlet, who falls into a suicidal depression over the death of his father whose ghost visits him. This essay will analyze Shakespeare’s trope of poison, embodied by King Claudius. King Hamlet was a magnanimous man, with many different ambitions but before he could successfully complete any of the ambitions, he was the victim of fratricide. Claudius, King Hamlet’s brother poisoned the king in ear while he was sleeping the in the Garden of Eden, he did this so he could be the one to take over the throne. Claudius was very envious of his brother. As he is very alike the Biblical figures Cain and Abel, when...

Effects of Earthquake Essay

Primary effects are the immediate damage caused by the quake, such as collapsing buildings, roads and bridges, which may kill many people. Those lucky enough to survive can suffer badly from shock and panic. Secondary effects are the after-effects of the earthquake, such as fires, tidal waves, landslides and disease. Fire – earthquakes destroy gas pipes and electric cables, causing fires to spread. Broken water mains prevent the Fires being extinguished. Fires spread very quickly in cities, especially in poor-quality housing areas where wooden buildings are common. Tsunamis – an earthquake on the sea floor or close to the coast may cause huge waves. Landslides – earthquakes often cause landslides, especially in steep river valleys and areas of weak rocks. Disease and famine – fresh water supplies are often cut off causing typhoid and cholera. Lack of shelter and food causes much suffering. soil liquefaction when soils with a high water content are violently shaken they lose their mechanical strength and behave like a fluid and so buildings can literally sink. Excellent clip 2011 Japan Tsunamis Mega tsunami caused by a landslide July 9th 1958 Explanation Outline causes A tsunami can be generated when destructive plate boundaries abruptly move and vertically displace the overlying water. It is very unlikely that they can form at constructive or conservative plate boundaries. This is because constructive or conservative boundaries do not generally disturb the vertical displacement of the water column. Subduction zone related earthquakes generate the majority of all tsunamis. Tsunamis have a small wave height offshore, and a very long wavelength (often hundreds of kilometers long), which is why they generally pass unnoticed at sea, forming only a slight swell usually about 300 mm above the normal sea surface. and they travel quickly at speeds over 700 km/h. They grow in height when they reach shallower water.

Time-division multiplexing

A user of a home telephone picks up her phone and makes a telephone call to a friend's home telephone in another part of town. Which of the following is likely to be true about this call? A. It uses a single pair of wires on the local loop at each end of the call 2. Which of the following are services that telcos have offered as WAN services over the years? A. Switched analog circuits B. Dedicated digital circuits 3. This chapter claims that IP routers work well as devices that connect to many different types of interfaces, including LANs and WANS.Which of the following answers list the reasons why routers do well in this role? A. Routers have much faster CPUs and can do the hard work to translate the incoming datalink header into the outgoing data-link format D. Routers discard old data-link headers and insert new data-link headers as part of their logic, which treats each Interfaces lower-layer detallds as Independent from each other 4. An enterprise network has many routers that c onnect to both a LAN as well as the WAN. Which of the following statements best describe how routers typically use and think about their WAN connections?B. As a transport service to deliver IP packets to the next Ip router 5. An enterprise builds a WAN design on paper. The main site, where all the servers sit, is shown in the center ofa network diagram. The WAN has a leased line from that site to every remote site, with the remote sites drawn around the edges of the drawing In a big circle. None of the remote sites have a leased line directly between them. Which of the following terms is most typically used to describe this WAN topology? D. Hub-and-spoke 6. A U. S. based company wants to order a leased line between two sites, with the eased line using the traditional T-carrier DSO, DSI, and DS3 types of lines. Which of the following answers describes the speed and distances for the leased line? A. No faster than 43,736 Mbps (T3) D. No literal distance Ilmltatlon 7. A telco customer has purchased a Tl leased line between two sites. The customer has already bought a router for one site, with a serial interface card with a built-in CSU/DSU. Which of the following answers lists other physical parts that the customer will need for that sites installation of the Tl leased line?B. A serial cable 8. A telco customer has a Tl leased line between two sites, called sites A and B. he telco has several switches between sites A and B that use T3 trunks. These switches use the T3 trunks along with time-division multiplexing (TDM) to create the leased line from site A to B. which of the following answers is true about how TDM works in this design? C. The switches map the Tl customer lines to one of 28 different frequencies in the T3 trunks 9. A telco network has TDM switches in the CO, ready to support Tl leased lines to customer sites.Two such switches have a single T3 trunk connecting the two switches, set aside to support T Is that run Just between those two co swltcnes. n lcn 0T tne Tollowlng answers Dest aescrlDes tne numDer 0T customer T Is the telco can support with these switches and the trunk? C. 28 10. A customer ordered a full Tl leased line between two sites. The telco implemented that leased line in its network using the T-carrier technology discussed in this chapter, with DSI, DS2, and DS3 lines plus switches that use time-division multiplexing (TDM) logic.Into which of the following general WAN categories does this service fit? B. Packet switching 1 1 . A telco customer orders a leased line between sites A and B, with requested speed of 1. 024 Mbps. The customer plans to use an external CSU/DSU at each site. The telco uses only T-carrier technology and none of the more modern options like SONET, ATM, MPLS, or Metro Ethernet. Which of the following answers is true about the speeds used on this link? B. The physical line between the telco CO and site B uses a line speed of 1. 2544 Mbps 12.A telco customer orders a leased line between sites A and B, with requested speed of 512 Kbps. The customer plans to use an external CSU/DSU at each site. The telco uses only T-carrier technology and none of the more modern options like SONET, ATM, MPLS, or Metro Ethernet. Which of the following answers is true about the speeds used between the router and the CSU/ DSU? A. THe CSU/DSU controls the router's sending and receiving speeds using clocking 13. Which of the following answers are true about DSI framing and channels? A. Each frame has 193 bits C.The frame groups 8 bits together for each of 24 channels, plus overhead 14. Which of the following data-link protocols was created to be used on leased lines, with support for multiple Layer 3 protocols by including a Type field that identifies the type of packet inside the data-link frame? C. PPP 15. Which fields that exist in both the HDLC and PPP headers have such relatively small use in point-to-point leased lines today, to the point that the PPP standards actually allows the nodes t o simply not bother to include these fields when sending PPP frames?B. Address C. Control 16. Think about the differences in a circuit switching the T-carrier system (ignoring analog circuit switching) versus packet switching. Which of the following answers are true about packet switching, but not about circuit switching? B. The telco switch can queue the data waiting on the congested outgoing to trunk to become available D. The switches look at the bits to find an address, and use that address to make a choice where to send the bits 17.In a Frame Relay network, which of the following terms refers to the customer router that connects to the Frame Relay network? D. Access link 18. Which of the following answers is not true about a Frame Relay network? B. Defined by the telco ahead of time, when the customers orders the service 19. A new Frame Relay customer is considering two competing Frame Relay design for his WAN. One design uses a full-mesh topology of PVCs between the 20 routers . The second design uses a partial mesh that looks like a hub-and-spoke design.Assuming that all other technical details not mentioned in this question are the same when comparing the two designs, which of these answers are true about the partial-mesh design but not true about the full-mesh design? A. Not all routers can send a Frame Relay frame alrectly to eacnotner B Frame Relay Trames, wlll De Torwaraea Dy tne network Dasea on the DLCI field in the Frame Relay 20. Which two of the following WAN services make good use of protocols that enterprise have used for many years, with those protocols being expanded and enhanced to create new types of WAN services?

Advertising Essay

Advertising Essay Free Online Research Papers In today’s world advertising is an important part of our economy. Advertisers are hired by companies, to come up with ads that will sell their product. Advertisers and marketers say that the world of advertising is very important because it helps to run the capitalist society that we have in this country. They say that by advertising, it keeps the economy running. However, advertisers go way too far in trying to sell their product. They use a language full of euphemisms to try and trick the consumer into thinking their product is the best on the market. They use such ploys as applying their product to children, knowing that children are inexperienced in today’s market, to try and sell their product. They also use things like color and coarse language to make the product appeal to the consumer. Advertisers go too far in their advertisements, in order to compete with their rival company and to make money. Your job is to figure out exactly what each word is doing in an ad- what each word means, not what the advertiser wants you to think it means.† In this quote, William Lutz describes a form of language that is widely used in advertising. (Goshgarian 313) The use of doublespeak helps advertisers make their product seem as if it is a miracle product. In doublespeak advertisers, don’t use definite words. This makes the product have no definite levels of how good the product works. The only thing these words express is that the product has exponential or never-ending possibilities. In this way, advertisers are able to show, legally, that their product has absolutely no flaws. Most advertisers try to make their product seem better than any other product that is on the market. With the use of doublespeak, they may use lines like, â€Å"this product takes out virtually all stains†. (Goshgarian 303-304) However, what does virtually really mean? If the product can not get out all stains, what stains can’t it get out? If advertisers told people this in their TV commercials, and magazine advertisements, people would not want to buy the product. That is why they throw in words like practically, virtually, and almost, so that they are not telling the whole truth, yet they are not lying either. Lutz talks about other â€Å"weasel words† used in doublespeak in advertising. Words like â€Å"new and improved†, â€Å"acts fast† and â€Å"like magic† help advertisers in making their product seem better than others. (Goshgarian 304-306) When an item is new and improved, what is it improved from? What was wrong with the old version of this item? Also, if there was something wrong with the old item, what is to say that there will not be anything wrong with the new item? Still, consumers travel down the aisle of different stores and see â€Å"new and improved† and they figure it has to be the best of them all. Let’s examine â€Å"acts fast†. When an advertiser describes the product with the phrase â€Å"acts fast† they try to show that the item will work faster than other products. However, what exactly does that mean? Does the product run fast, cook fast, drive a car fast, or speak fast? It is not known exactly what the product does. People assume that the product that â€Å"acts faster† is the best product for them. Sometimes advertisers use the word â€Å"like† in an advertisement. This stops the consumer from concentrating on the product, and exactly what it can make your life â€Å"like†. If an advertiser claims a certain tire makes your car drive like it is floating, peopl e start thinking about their car floating. Personally, I would rather drive a car that floats, and so would most consumers. This makes the consumer want to buy this product, and once again the advertiser wins. Lutz makes a good point in saying that these doublespeak slogans help sell products. â€Å"Remember, the ad is trying to get you to buy a product, so it will put the product in the best possible light, using any device, trick or means legally allowed.† (Goshgarian 313) Another thing advertiser use in their commercials is the use of additives or accessories. In the advertisement of a product, an advertiser may say that the product has a high amount of a certain chemical that no one that uses the product actually has heard of before. If people hear things like â€Å"Certs contains a sparkling drop of Retsyn† (Goshgarian 311) Consumers hear this and say, â€Å"wow Certs is better then Tic Tacs because it has Retsyn!!† However, in reality, what on earth is Retsyn† For all anyone knows Retsyn is th e leading cause of gum disease, who knows. Consumers hear scientific words like this and think that this is coming from a smart scientist that knows that Certs is better because it has Retsyn. Another example of advertisers trying to sell their product by any means necessary is the tobacco industry. On most cigarette advertisements, it shows a few good-looking men smoking the cigarette that is being advertised, and they are surrounded by a few great looking women. Advertisers find this to be a perfect way to sell their product. If they have their advertisements focus on children, then the kids, who do not have much experience as a consumer will believe every word the advertisement says. For example, if a child sees a commercial for a brand new toy on the market, advertisers will show the toy almost life-size, running through real swamps (puddles) and climbing real mountains (a mound of dirt). In some instances, the toy even takes human traits like language and movement, on its own. When a child sees this commercial he right a way knows he must play with that toy. Children don’t usually have a job or a bank account, or any form of their own income, so they always go to their parents first when they want something new. If the commercial works correctly, the young child will be bugging his or her parents for that toy until one of them takes them to the toy store. Throughout this aisle, the child sees such items as Lion King action figures, balls, games, coloring books, video games, CDs, and other paraphernalia. With the movie that the child had seen fresh in his or her mind. The toys remind them of the fun time they had at the movies the other day. They quickly find their mother or father in the store and try to convince them to buy the Lion King toys for them because they remember how much they loved the movie. This works for other products too besides toys. If a mother wanted to buy her child a new toothbrush, and they show their child a plain red one, and then one with Simba on it, without question they will choose the Simba toothbrush. This is just another example of how advertisers use children to sell their product and make a lot of money. Types of images also have a part in how advertisers market their product. The use of colors in commercials and magazine advertisements appeal to the human eye. For example. In a McDonalds commercial, you never see the color puke green, brown, gray, or blue. This is because the first color that the brain associates with food are red and yellow. This is why in the McDonalds logo all you see is the â€Å"golden arches† with red in the background. This also may be why Coca-Cola sells more soda then Pepsi-Cola. The Coke can is predominantly red while the Pepsi can is blue. Damn is a word that has always been considered a borderline swear word. Nowadays damn is allowed to be heard on commercial television. When someone hears the word â€Å"damnâ€Å" on TV it is added to the subconscious of their brain. This message is stored in the person’s brain until the next time they need to go buy new tires. There seem to be no stopping advertisers as they continue to toy with our basic emotions to try and sell their products. Advertisers use euphemisms, color, and bold words to sell their stuff. Advertisements that lure children and â€Å"tough† guys are things that help advertisers compete in today’s capitalist society. C onsumers should start becoming smarter when it comes to deciding what items to purchase for their family. Research Papers on Advertising EssayFalse AdvertisingDeveloping Branding StrategiesA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantJean-Jaques Rousseau EmileInternational PaperDefinition of Export QuotasChildhood Obesity EssayAmerican Central Banking and OilBiological, Strain, Radical Theory EssayCash or Card?

Analysis of The Cool Web by Robert Graves Essay Essay Example

Analysis of The Cool Web by Robert Graves Essay Essay Example Analysis of The Cool Web by Robert Graves Essay Essay Analysis of The Cool Web by Robert Graves Essay Essay Why is the rubric of the verse form â€Å"The cool web† ? Give a ground for your reply. The verse form discusses an adult’s sensitivity to utilize lingual sleight to avoid the effects of utmost emotion. The rubric combines two words. â€Å"cool† and â€Å"web† . each of which evokes a strong feeling. to make a 3rd even more redolent image. There are many English looks which use the word â€Å"cool† to convey quashing emotion. This use is similar to utilizing â€Å"calm† : â€Å"cool down† . â€Å"don’t lose your cool† . â€Å"go and cool off† . â€Å"cool it! † and so on. Even the slang reading of â€Å"cool† in the sense of stylish or sophisticated conjures up the thought of a relaxed and insouciant attitude. In the context of the verse form. â€Å"cool† can be seen as synonymous with a deficiency of passion and an addition of self-denial. â€Å"Web† is used to convey the sense of being enveloped by a bed which inhibits freedom. Graves could hold used â€Å"net† or â€Å"mesh† . nevertheless those words lack the sinister intension of the most common usage of â€Å"web† : that of a â€Å"spider’s web† . In this sense. there is an air of exposure and threat ; the spider’s quarry has non chosen to be caught in the web. but is ensnared however. The combination of â€Å"cool† and â€Å"web† creates an image of forced calm. The â€Å"cool web† is a lingual leukotomy which life imposes on world. What is the consequence of the repeat of ‘hot’ and ‘dreadful’ in the first stanza? The first stanza creates a threatening atmosphere. The adjectives used are intense: the twenty-four hours is non warm. it is hot ; the eventide is non dark. but black ; the soldiers are full of apprehension. non merely dismaying. ( Although now used in the same manner as terrorization. â€Å"dreadful† truly depict a greater degree of terror. ) This development of threat is further emphasised by the repeat of the â€Å"hot† and â€Å"dreadful† . The point is driven place to the reader. If Graves had used equivalent word – vesicating for â€Å"hot† and scaring for â€Å"dreadful† – in the 2nd cases of each. the significance would be basically unchanged. However. the sound and beat of the stanza would be significantly affected. The consequence is besides assisted by reiterating non merely â€Å"hot† . but the vowel rhyme and initial rhyme of the phrase â€Å"how hot† . The repeat and accent of â€Å"hot† in lines 1 and 2 besides provides contrast between the word â€Å"cool† in the rubric and â€Å"chill† in line 5. â€Å"Cool† and â€Å"coldly† are besides used in the organic structure of the verse form in contrast to â€Å"hot† . ( This accent through repeat is used a figure of times: in the 2nd stanza with â€Å"spell† ; in line 10 with â€Å"too much† and in the last stanza with â€Å"facing†. ) Who are ‘we’ in the 2nd stanza ( line 5 ) ? The usage of â€Å"but† at the beginning of line 5 contrasts â€Å"we† from the kids of the first stanza and presumptively Graves hence means grownups. Adults have a more sophisticated bid of linguistic communication with which to construe events. Children are direct in their attack to the universe and do non try to befog world for any ground. On run intoing an fleshy individual. a immature kid will cheerfully inquire them why they are so fat. An grownup would be improbable to initiate the topic at all. Children merely province what they think ; grownups use euphemisms and oblique vocabulary to guard off unwelcome emotions. Remark on the usage of: The adjectives ‘cruel’ to depict the rose’s aroma and ‘overhanging’ to depict the dark ( lines 6 and 7 ) . The reader is jolted as these adjectives are associated with unfamiliar topics. This is a signifier of highlighting to pull attending to the linguistic communication of the verse form. The usage of â€Å"cruel† to depict the aroma of a rose is particularly clashing. Almost without exclusion the rose is a symbol of love affair and love. non one of inhuman treatment. Graves seems to be connoting that anything that intrudes – even something pleasant – is obnoxious and to be â€Å"dulled† . By depicting the dark as â€Å"overhanging† Graves refers to the sense of bullying. of something unexpected looming over us. The poet so tells us that this should – and can be – be spelled off as unwanted. The verb ‘spell’ in the phrase ‘we enchantment away’ ( lines 7 and 8 ) Graves exploits a dual significance of â€Å"spell† to entwine the thoughts of linguistic communication and hocus-pocus. In the lingual context â€Å"spell† means to organize a word by set uping its component letters in the right order. ‘Spell† besides means to act upon person or something by agencies of charming powers. In this manner. the poet concentrates a figure of images into a individual word. An adult’s desire to belie world is a signifier of charming enchantment. but it requires the ability to spell words. ( Graves besides uses this technique in line 1 by depicting kids as â€Å"dumb† . This could intend that they are stupid and hence unable to pull strings and falsify the universe. It could besides intend that kids have no lingual module as in â€Å"deaf and dumb. † Of class. he means both. ) Explain how. in your sentiment. ‘the cool web’ may protect one against ‘too much joy or excessively much fear’ ( lines 5 to 11 ) . â€Å"The cool web† of linguistic communication is used to rationalize utmost emotions. Alternatively of responding instinctively to a state of affairs. we can submerge it in long-winded accounts. From dais to parliament. and from attorney to liar. we use linguistic communication to falsify world to accommodate ourselves. It is done linguistic communication that we can carry ourselves that the noise we hear in the dark is merely the cat and non a violent burglar. This is the footing for Graves’s mention to withdrawing from â€Å"too much fright. † Less obvious is the desire to protect ourselves from â€Å"too much joy† . a status that would look to be desirable. Possibly the poet believes that we are unable to get by adequately with either extreme of luck. There are a figure of superstitious notions in this respect such as labelling something as being â€Å"too good to be true† . It may be that Graves is proposing that we subconsciously know that we can’t prolong a province of delectation for long and that the hurting of the resulting letdown is non deserving the minute of joy. It reflects a low-risk paradigm where we would predate the highs to avoid the subsequent inevitable depressions. What indicants are at that place in stanza 4 to demo us what the speaker’s attitude is towards such protection? The phrases â€Å"self-possession† and â€Å"throwing off† show us that the talker believes that the protection which linguistic communication offers is an infliction and non a natural province of personal businesss. He notes that this implemented state of affairs controls us for our whole life until we die. While connoting that this protection is a load. Graves besides tells us that without it we would travel huffy. In other words. this protection is a necessary immorality. Why do mentions to the twenty-four hours. the rose. the dark and the soldiers recur throughout the verse form? These words occur in the first. 2nd and 4th ( last ) stanzas. The repeat in the 2nd stanza and the 4th stanza fulfil different intents. The mention in the 2nd stanza forms the footing for a contrast with the initial mention in the first stanza. In the first stanza these objects are described via a child’s simple mentality: hot and awful. In the 2nd stanza the same words are described via an adult’s more complex. language-distorted position. The last stanza has a different signifier than the first three ; it breaks a form of 4-line stanzas and. by making so. demands excess attending from the reader. In this last stanza the words â€Å"day† . â€Å"rose† . â€Å"night† and â€Å"drums† are listed merely without adjectives. This neatly reminds the reader of the beginning of the verse form and completes the comparing between kids and grownups. and their differing usage of linguistic communication. Briefly province the speaker’s decision about the function of linguistic communication in our lives ( lines 13 to 18 ) . The talker concludes that we need linguistic communication to protect ourselves from the world of life. Graves provinces that without the capacity for carrying ourselves that state of affairss are non what they appear. we would happen it impossible to get by and would travel huffy. The enunciation ( pick of words ) . construction. beat and tone of the first and last stanzas are markedly different. What do you believe the intent of these differences is? The first three stanzas have a comparatively simple rhyme strategy of A B C C. The consequence of lines 3 and 4 of each of these stanzas rhyming is that each stanza is concluded steadfastly. Three stanzas with the same construction creates a form and an outlook that the following stanza will be the same. The fact that it is non is a surprise and a type of highlighting. The last stanza has a rime of A B C D C D and this difference in construction alerts the reader and demands extra attending. This warning is welcome as the message in the last stanza is far more direct than antecedently where metaphor and allusion are used. The last line provinces unambiguously â€Å"we shall travel huffy no uncertainty. † It is in this last stanza that Graves delivers his opinion on our usage of linguistic communication.

Adolescence problems

Adolescence describes the teenage years between 13 and 19 and can be considered the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood. However, the physical and psychological changes that occur in adolescence can start earlier, during the preteen or tween years (ages 9-12). Adolescence can be a time of both disorientation and discovery. The transitional period can bring up issues of independence and self-identity. Sometimes adolescents may be experimenting with drugs and alcohol or sexuality. During this time, peer groups and external appearance tend to increase in importance. Home BiologyHuman Population and Health Top Problems of Adolescence Most problems of adolescence are due to failure in understanding the anatomical, morphological and psychological changes expected during adolescence. Psychologically, adolescence is such a vulnerable stage that boys / girls of this age are easily carried away by perceptions generated by Misleading and misguiding parents, teachers, friends, brother/sisters. Ignorance of elders. Half informed or ill informed friends, brothers, sisters. Wrongful messages depicted through TV serials, advertisements, films Publications carrying partially or fully false information. Such perceptions can be anything in the range of studies, sex, society, married life, career, religion, politics, or any relevant subject. Every adolescent boy or girl is prone to such exposures which ultimately are retained as perceptions in their minds to form their behavioural patterns. The problems of adolescence are classified as morphological / developmental psychological social educational Some problems are absolutely unimportant and trivial. They could be easily ignored. But even such problems cause great concern to adolescent people. Psychological Problems 3. Social 4. Educational 5. Social Implications Morphological / Developmental Problems Back to Top over growth of hair or undergrowth of hair over weight and underweight skin colour problems Facial deformities, pimples, etc. Limb deformities Abnormal growth of genitals and breasts. Psychological Problems Back to Top Ignorance about many basic facts leads to psychological problems like Misconceptions about sexual feelings, sex related issues. Misconceptions about child birth, reproduction. Misconceptions about coitus, menstrual cycles. Fear about sex and sexual issues. Guilt feeling about sex related issues. Inferiority / Superiority complex about skin colour, beauty, mental ability and IQ. Inexplicable perceptions about dress and fashion codes. Wrong and unrealistic ideologies about friendship and courtship. Perceptional or communicational or preconceived complications about their teachers and parents. Attraction towards opposite sex. Unrealistic and illogical curiosity about sex and sex related issues. Exceptional vulnerability to suicide psychology. Social Back to Top Anticipated unemployment and insecurity due to unemployment. Unwarranted and inexplicable hatredness towards brother / sisters, friends. Intense closeness with brothers / sisters, friends. Unpredictable and volatile relationships with friends. Unrealistic social perceptions about violence, love, sex as influenced by media. Unusually vulnerable and volatile relations with relatives. Fear / imagination about married life, life partners. Educational Back to Top Tensions of attending the classes, examinations and tests. Low IQ feeling. Fear about failure in examination. Fear about low score. Fear and concern about a future career. Misconceptions about teachers. Due to many problems faced during adolescence, the boys and girls of the age between 8 16 form a separate category by themselves. Their problems are specific to themselves. Most of the problems faced by them are perceptional. By timely and effective guidance many of their problems could be solved. Some of them may need medical / psychiatric attention. In India, the parents influence their behaviour, thoughts and are in position to solve many problems if they have positive approach. Despite all efforts being made by parents, teachers, large number of adolescents face one or many problems. When the problem is aggravated, the parents may take them to doctors. But most of them face minor problems modifying their behavioural patterns, personality as a whole. The implications of problems in adolescence can be moral or social. Social Implications Back to Top Future citizen may have a high IQ due to positive thinking and reorientation of their mental resources towards positive personality development. A section of future population may turn into disgruntled, impatient group of people due to grooming of misconceptions about society, love, law, relations, etc. Due to wrong educational policies and ever growing unemployment problems a section of population may turn hostile against the whole society, which breeds and deepens the antisocial activities and perverted thinking. Many of the wrong perception about sex related problems may lead them to unwanted motherhood, anxiety or illegal termination of pregnancy. Some problems during adolescence are decisive in building the personalities (positive and negative) who may or may not utilize the opportunities open to them during their later life. When teachers, parents, brothers /sisters or any close person has positive dominant personality to effectively guide the adolescent at right time they turn out to be very useful section of future population. Imaginary fear, imaginary anxieties and unrealistic expectations as well as host of strong misconceptions may ultimately end up with personalities of negative / perverted thoughts. In extreme disillusions, tension, wrongful personality and maladjustments a section of population may have to be psychiatric patients. Psychosis of mild nature may remain untreated and unnoticed. Such people will not do anything useful to the society or their families. Adolescent being influenced by mass media like electronic media, print media or computer culture may be guided or misguided by such exposure. When misguided they are likely to develop negative perception about many social values. The social implications of adolescent problems are dependent upon social structure. In a country like India where family ties are strong due to emotional, financial, religious attachments the gravity of implications are less. But in an individualistic society like US / Europe where family ties are shallow the gravity of implications can be far more serious. Finding help for families, teenagers and children can be a challenge. But there is good news. Information and referral systems are available from our schools, medical offices, news magazines, the yellow pages and even the Internet. Many parents are finding help and discovering resources by asking family, friends and their co-workers. In fact, information and referrals based on a personal recommendation is a great way to find help. Unfortunately, finding help for children and families has become more  difficult than finding help for most adults problems. For instance, health insurance has many restrictions that limit who you can see and what services they can provide. Most of the problems that families and children face are not covered and only certain diagnoses will be treated. Public programs across the country lack adequate funding. The schools have programs, but they desperately need more staff and money to meet the demands that currently exist. There are many private counselors who work with children, but there are only a few who work with families and children who have serious behavioral and emotional problems. The consequence when children don’t get the help they need can be tragic. Parents and families give up when they don’t know what to do, when they are discouraged and when they lack adequate information. Finding and getting help means you need to get oriented and understand the problems and potential solutions. Behavior Problems. In order to deal with a problem it will help a great deal if parents can describe the problem in terms that may lead to a solution. Here are the problems that I see parents and their children facing. Many of these will surface in small children or they may not appear until children become teenagers. Social withdrawal and isolation Refusal to go to school Demanding and selfish attitude Disregard for rules, responsibilities and family functioning Poor study behavior and skills Unfocused or disruptive behavior in classroom Grades and school performance dropping Erratic or emotionally unstable behavior Poor hygiene and grooming Behavior is disrespectful or defiant Involved in high risk and reckless activities Using alcohol or other drugs Skipping school Stealing or theft Destructive, threatening or violent behavior Self-harming or suicidal behavior Typical Causes. It takes time for problems to become critical, life threatening or intolerable. At some point, one can trace the cause to one or more factors. A pattern of problems will usually occur over time before a problem becomes a crisis. Identifying these factors can help characterize the evolution of a problem or a crisis, the appropriate response and the potential solution that may be necessary. Brittle or fragile emotional temperament Social demands exceed current ability Peer and social pressures Failure to provide rules, discipline and a bonded relationship with a child Parental divorce or separation Family conflict and discord Neglect or abandonment Traumatic experience Undiagnosed medical or psychological problem Untreated parental alcoholism, drug abuse or mental disorder Alcohol and other drug use What are the Solutions?. The first step is to define the problem and a potential cause. After that, you need to explore potential solutions. There are at least several dozen potential solutions to any problem. That is a lot to consider. Unfortunately, access to many of these resources may depend on the parent’s employment benefits and their income. Many public programs have waiting lists and may exclude children if the problem is not severe enough. Exclusion from public programs does not mean the problem is minor. Many programs are full and can only take children with more severe problems. The following is a partial list of potential solutions. Self-help Parenting education and training Individual counseling and therapy Group counseling and therapy Parenting consultation and advice Family counseling and therapy Increased parental involvement and supervision Tutoring Special education programs Change schools Outdoor activities or adventure programs Move to a new area Parenting by other family members Foster care Health and human service case management Private school Day treatment therapy program Boarding school Therapeutic boarding school Residential treatment program Medication intervention Psychiatric hospitalization Police or law enforcement response Diagnosis can be misleading. There are many ways to define problems. One of the least useful and potentially harmful is to rely entirely on a diagnosis. A diagnosis alone can be misleading. Many problems are not solved because the problem was diagnosed, the underlying problems were missed or ignored, and the diagnosis suggested an approach that was inadequate and unfocused. A diagnosis can create a false sense of certainty. Why? Because the diagnostic procedures used in mental health are not much more sophisticated than one used to diagnose a headache or a stomach ache. For instance, there are many forms of headaches and stomach aches. There are many things that can cause a headache a tumor, tension, injury, eye strain, diet, disease, flu, allergies, a cold or bacterial infections etc.. In mental health, no matter how rigidly we use diagnostic criteria, or how sophisticated the interview process, we are still looking at patterns that have many origins. There can be many sources and causes for a particular problem – especially family problems that involve children. A traumatic experience can result in many different problems. The behaviors associated with attention deficits and hyperactivity can be caused and maintained by many things. As a result, there are many potential outcomes and approaches, and these can vary with each family, their beliefs, values, attitudes, culture, ethnicity and their resources. Parents need more than a diagnosis. It helps to understand a problem in a manner that can tell us how a potential solution may work. It’s not enough to say that a child is depressed and they need to talk to a counselor. A child who is living in an abusive home may be depressed and emotionally withdrawn, but they don’t necessarily need therapy to express their emotions. The family may be the more important focus and the most important part of the solution. Counseling and Therapy. Counseling and therapy is a mixed bag as far as solutions go. There are more than 200 types of counselors and therapists. Trying to find the right one can be overwhelming or end up a waste of time. There is also a great deal of similarity between some counselors and some therapists. Counseling is not therapy. Counseling usually results in a realization, a plan or a decision. A therapist provides an environment of activities that bring about change – almost like exercise. There are no simple words of advice or a formula that will absolutely insure that your family or child will find the right person. Trial and error may be required. But there are four guidelines that have been shown to increase the likelihood of success. Become invested. Educate yourself, gather information and become actively invested in understanding the problem and selecting a counselor or therapist. Learn how it works. Don’t select a particular counselor or therapist unless you believe they can clearly describe the problem, how their approach to therapy or counseling works, and how that approach will resolve the problem. The relationship heals. The relationship you and your child have with a counselor or therapist as well as their approach are equally important. Work with people you and your child trust, like and believe is competent. Get references. Ask for the names of other parents or professionals who can recommend a potential counselor or therapist. There is no better reference than a credible recommendation and past success with similar problems. Medications. The use of medication can present a real solution and a real problem for most parents. Medications can have a powerful effect on the mood and behavior of children. For parents who have tried everything else, medications can make the difference between a life lost and a chance to become a reasonably successful adult. There are certain realities when one decides to use medication. For one thing, psychiatric medications for behavioral and mental health problems will treat the symptoms and not the cause. Medications do not cure psychological, emotional and behavioral problems. Psychiatric medications that are used to treat depression, anxiety, mood swings, attention deficits, hyperactivity and disorganized thinking always affect another part of a child’s body and brain. These side-effects are not clearly understood and the long term impact on growing children is still uncertain. Law suites are surfacing and legislators are proposing legislation to address recognized dangers in the wrongful medication on children. While one should be cautious about the use of medications to treat behavioral problems, there is certainly a place for these drugs. In severe cases, and cases where parents cannot afford therapy and special schools, medications can bring hope to an otherwise hopeless situation. In some cases, children may require medication to simply participate in school, family activities and counseling or therapy. More importantly, a child’s personality and attitude in life will be damaged if that child is left in a depressed, anxious or otherwise dysfunctional state for an extended period of time. Medication can be a life boat and deterrent against psychological and social trauma that come from serious but temporary problems that would otherwise destroy a child’s attitude toward life. But before you start any medication, ask your pharmacist for information on the side effects. The Power of Parenting and Family. Parents and family members can have the most powerful impact of a child’s behavior, attitude and approach to life. Put simply, children are persuaded and impressed by the people they spend the most time with and the people who matter most. That should be the child’s parents and family. Why? Because a therapist can only provide an exceptional environment, relationship and activities for an hour or so a week. Individual counseling and therapy may not be enough for most children especially if that child is facing social pressure, temptations, painful experiences and inappropriate role models during the remainder of the week. In most cases, individual therapy or counseling without parental or family involvement is not enough. In some cases, therapy and counseling can result in a child developing unrealistic expectation of their parents and family. It is easier to be a therapist than it is to be a parent. This is why family education and involvement in counseling and therapy may be essential. Therapy and counseling should never replace the essential role of parents or a family. It should support those roles. But if parents are unwilling or unable to become involved with their child or in therapy, then therapy can provide the support that some children desperately need. Peers and Social Pressure. At a very early age, many children are profoundly influenced by their peers. It has been repeatedly observed in social science that children learn behaviors and will adopt the attitude of children they are emotionally bonded with. As children begin to bond with other children, they seek approval, advice and even direction for their life. The struggle for independence and separation from parents is a natural process. However, problems will invariably surface, attitudes may become hostile, and values can become lost when parents become less involved with their children. Social pressure is a powerful tendency for children to imitate and adopt the behavior and emotional sensitivity of others. Children begin to think the way they talk with their friends. Children tend to become what they think about.

Cisco Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cisco Systems - Essay Example One other major huddle they face a business was demand by the Stanford University to obtain 11 million dollars as the licensing fee during the company registration. This was because; the duo had developed the technology when still working as an employee of the university (Edwards, 25). Later on the university accepted 150, 000 dollars together with free support services and routers. The duo had a vision of enabling dissimilar networks to communicate with one another and engage in information sharing to enhance reliability. However, for the full connection of networks, there was need for technology invention that would deal according with the separated local area modus operandi. To fill this gap, they decided to try different process which gave birth to the multi- procedure router. Other product that the company produces includes; devices for remote access, switches, devices for internet access, protocol translators and the softwares for managing networks. All tis devices and equipmen t are used to link geographically LANs and WANs i.e. Local Area Network and The Wide Area Networks together with the internet. The company has majorly three market segments that it serves (Kahawatte, 80) .These includes the big organization such as government bodies, corporations, learning institutions such as universities. These organizations need sophisticated networking process and the usually require connection of several locations. The other category is those involved in service provision to their customers. These include; telephone companies, internet services providers and companies sell cables and those providing wireless communication services. Besides, there are medium and small businesses whose wants are basically network operations, internet connection or connection with other business partners. To meet this huge demand on the expertise, the company is growingly developing its human resource capital in the fields such as fibre-optic network together with attendant expert s in the diverse networks that produces audiovisual capabilities in conjunction to the previous data available. This also triggered the development of the DNS- Domain Name Systems to aid the process. Cisco did market its products to the higher learning institutions such as universities and colleges, research institutions, aerospace companies and government department and institutions. This was done by communicating to software engineers through ARPANET which turned into being called Internet. The conversation most involved the use TCP protocols or UNIMIX computers. Later on in 1988, Cisco Systems began the networking of routers within the major corporations that were separated by some distance e.g. different branches. During this period, routers were basically used in all the communications as it could support other protocols than the ones from different manufacturing companies and when the internetworking market began expanding, Cisco’s high quality routers were preferred by most customers in the market place within the emerging competition (Dryburgh, 54). Within the business fraternity, internet connection has brought in myriad of benefits simplifying the trade transactions. One major benefit is the availability of information useful to the prospective buyers for online tractions. This has created cheaper means for the businessmen and women to transact free with cost just being incurred only during the chain supply process. The

3BM070 Strategic Corporate Finance ASSIGNMENT 2 Essay

3BM070 Strategic Corporate Finance ASSIGNMENT 2 - Essay Example The ratio is seen to be as high as 30% (Damodaran, 2012). a) Whether making investments in the shares of BP is profitable or not, has been analysed on the basis of the above calculations in respect to p/e ratio and the share price value calculated using the dividend growth model. The p/e ratio aids investors to understand the market prospects of a given stock. A higher p/e ratio is generally considered to be better as it results out of higher earnings and market value existing for a share. It is also considered that firms having a higher p/e ratio is likely to give more dividends (Bakshi and Chen, 2005). The ratio helps investors to decide upon the price at which shares must be purchased based on the evaluation of its earnings. The ratio therefore aids in establishing a relationship between earnings and the market value per share. It is extremely essential that the ratio is studied by investors based on industry average and previous year’s values. The ratio can be interpreted wrongly if not suitably compared with the p/e ratios of previous years and the general ratio existing in the industry (Sharpe, 2002). From the calculations carried out it has been seen that the p/e ratio of BP in the 2013 has been lower than the general industry standards. The industry standards were at 12.8 while the ratio for BP was as low as 6.49%. This indicates that the market value of shares and the EPS values for the year 2013 of BP were lower than the general industry standards. On the other hand, it was seen that the p/e ratio for the year 20014 had risen to 30%. This was identified due to a fall in the earning per share (EPS) values, although the price of shares had experienced lower level of decline. Although a higher p/e ratio is considered to be better, it may be judged wrongly if not compared with the figures of the previous year. In case of BP, although the p/e ratio had risen, the cause behind it was a fall

Military Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Military Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy - Essay Example This policy is unfair and unethical because there is no proof that gays cannot serve well in the military. When we think about the issue of Don't Ask, Don't Tell, it becomes clear that this is not just a homosexual issue. Instead, it is an issue about discrimination against people who have served the military well. A Short History of Gays in the Military Gays have been recorded as being part of the military as far back as Plato and the Greeks. They understand the value of having gays in the military. Although Plato's time accepted gays in the military, there were problems as time went on with each war. As far back as the Crusades, gays were persecuted when they were found to have same-sex affairs during the 14th Century. In 1816, during the Napoleonic Wars more gays were persecuted, hanged and whipped if they were found to have same-sex affairs (Webley, 2010). By 1778, George Washington discharged a soldier from his military command and by 1916, the U.S. Military prohibited homosexua lity in the Articles of War. There were many ways to screen out gays from the military throughout the years, and by the Vietnam War, homosexuality was seen by some as a way to get out of military service, especially during this war which was difficult for everyone to understand. However, one man, Perry Watkins, was discharged from the military after 16 years of service because he was a homosexual in 1984; he sued the military and won the case in 1990 (Webley, 2010). This short history shows that gays and lesbians have been serving in the military for probably every war that has ever been fought, and there has always been a concentration on whether they should be open or closeted while they were serving. The Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy In 1993, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy was enacted to stop people who were homosexual from talking about their lifestyle or from practicing homosexuality while in the military. The reason this was enacted was because the military believed that if i t were allowed, it would "create an unacceptable risk to the high standards of morale, good order and discipline, and unit cohesion which are the essence of military capability" (Burrelli, 2010, Summary). This was not a law, but rather a policy that was in place to make sure that service members did not talk about their sexual orientation and that they were not asked about it when they entered the service or as they continued. In other words, homosexual service members were to keep quiet about who they were and how they lived in order to serve next to heterosexual service members. In 2010, the act was repealed as unconstitutional and the military was ordered to stop enforcing it. It is the opinion of this researcher that this was the right thing to do because everyone should have the opportunity to serve in the military regardless of their sexual orientation. When this policy was put into place, thousands of military members had to leave the military based on their sexual orientatio n or live a lie in order to serve as those who were not homosexual served (Obama, 2011). In having this policy in place, it made many men and women have to hid who they were which made them feel isolated and afraid. President Obama acknowledged that this was another sacrifice that these men and women had to do that was not fair to them. The repeal of this policy will not happen quickly because the

Management Decision Making A System Approach Essay

Management Decision Making A System Approach - Essay Example Management decisions are gaining extraordinary and unprecedented importance in the present changed business situation. Governments and business houses have to think beyond the territories while making a decision. They can make an impact all over the world, and the prevailing world business trend could make immediate impact on them. Management theories have evolved and have been applied mainly to change management and control management1. System approach is another, perhaps highly effective way to apply on a company that is targeting a certain achievement2. 1. Alamarai is a flourishing company, but a system and every work in the company is done as clockwork, without any change at all in the daily routine. It has its hierarchies, branches, transport system, distribution system and works like a well-oiled machine, noiselessly. 2. It has its own performance criteria and system objectives. Its performance criteria is mainly running its huge farm, stocked with yielding cows, cooling and pasteurising this milk, make connected milk products and supply them to the decided outlets along with other food products. Alamarai had been one company who had been performing flawlessly, even though a cooling project in Saudi Arabia is not an easy matter. 3. Alamarai is ruled by its environments, political, social, cultural and religious. It is also ruled by the economic environment of the present day world. These signals, the company is unable to ignore any more. 4. It has its own humanistic and psychosocial subsystems, but till recently controlling the humanistic conditions as they are mainly from foreign countries and hence, were mainly biddable, it had found comfortable, compared to the present psychosocial subsystem, that had been brought into the company through Saudisation. 5. Alamarai's aim had been integrating these subsystems with the whole wider society. The psychosocial subsystems are not only originated from the prevailing society, but also have to be improved and bettered in the same society and Alamarai is trying to integrate them. It increases options, reduces errors during achievement and the achievement could be anything. It need not be only the highly market victory. It could be connected socially, politically and culturally to the company, for which company is either forced or willingly inspired to work for.4 System approach is one of the decision support systems, that had been in vogue for sometime and had been found unquestionably effective by many organisations and has amply proved its efficiency, mainly because it works along with its subsystems, and hence, more scope for checking, correcting, evolving and finalising5. a) Company overview: Almarai (Green Pastures), a very famous company of Saudi Arabia, a household name in diary products was established in 1976, under the direction of the Prince. It is based in Saudi capital Riyadh, with its operations spread not only in Saudi Arabia, but also through the Arabian Peninsula, covering almost all the Gulf countries. It is a pioneer in agricultural, diary processing and food distribution field. It is a well known entity with a

The Link Between Sleep and Stroke Links by the Research in the Paper

The Link Between Sleep and Stroke Links by the in the University of Cambridge - Research Paper Example Haemorrhagic stroke is also known as cerebral haemorrhages or intracranial haemorrhages. These types of strokes are not as common as ischaemic strokes. Sudden bleeding in the brain causes a haemorrhagic stroke. This bleeding makes the brain to swell and increased pressure is build up in the skull thus busting. The swelling and pressure damage the tissues and the brain cells. High blood pressure is an example of a condition that causes a hemorrhagic stroke (Meschia 3-4). It weakens the arteries in the brain making them prone to rupture or split. There are things that increase the risk of high blood pressure which include smoking, obesity, an excessive amount of alcohol, lack of exercise and stress. Haemorrhagic strokes can as well occur as a result of rupture of a brain aneurysm and badly formed blood vessels in the brain (Connolly et al 1712). Stroke effects vary from one person to another depending on the type, location, severity and the number of strokes. There are both mental and physical effects of stroke. Weakness or paralysis is one effect that may affect one side of the whole body or just a leg or an arm. This leads to problems of balancing and coordinating because the weight of the weak side pulls against the strong side. The other effect is a problem when using a language where a person may have problem understanding writing or a speech, have the problem of thinking the right words to speak or write or have a problem of saying words clearly. Again, a person with a stroke may suffer vision and perception problems. The condition also causes cognitive problems which include problems with thinking, attention, memory, mental activities and learning (Go 28-30).

Military Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Military Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy - Essay Example This policy is unfair and unethical because there is no proof that gays cannot serve well in the military. When we think about the issue of Don't Ask, Don't Tell, it becomes clear that this is not just a homosexual issue. Instead, it is an issue about discrimination against people who have served the military well. A Short History of Gays in the Military Gays have been recorded as being part of the military as far back as Plato and the Greeks. They understand the value of having gays in the military. Although Plato's time accepted gays in the military, there were problems as time went on with each war. As far back as the Crusades, gays were persecuted when they were found to have same-sex affairs during the 14th Century. In 1816, during the Napoleonic Wars more gays were persecuted, hanged and whipped if they were found to have same-sex affairs (Webley, 2010). By 1778, George Washington discharged a soldier from his military command and by 1916, the U.S. Military prohibited homosexua lity in the Articles of War. There were many ways to screen out gays from the military throughout the years, and by the Vietnam War, homosexuality was seen by some as a way to get out of military service, especially during this war which was difficult for everyone to understand. However, one man, Perry Watkins, was discharged from the military after 16 years of service because he was a homosexual in 1984; he sued the military and won the case in 1990 (Webley, 2010). This short history shows that gays and lesbians have been serving in the military for probably every war that has ever been fought, and there has always been a concentration on whether they should be open or closeted while they were serving. The Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy In 1993, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy was enacted to stop people who were homosexual from talking about their lifestyle or from practicing homosexuality while in the military. The reason this was enacted was because the military believed that if i t were allowed, it would "create an unacceptable risk to the high standards of morale, good order and discipline, and unit cohesion which are the essence of military capability" (Burrelli, 2010, Summary). This was not a law, but rather a policy that was in place to make sure that service members did not talk about their sexual orientation and that they were not asked about it when they entered the service or as they continued. In other words, homosexual service members were to keep quiet about who they were and how they lived in order to serve next to heterosexual service members. In 2010, the act was repealed as unconstitutional and the military was ordered to stop enforcing it. It is the opinion of this researcher that this was the right thing to do because everyone should have the opportunity to serve in the military regardless of their sexual orientation. When this policy was put into place, thousands of military members had to leave the military based on their sexual orientatio n or live a lie in order to serve as those who were not homosexual served (Obama, 2011). In having this policy in place, it made many men and women have to hid who they were which made them feel isolated and afraid. President Obama acknowledged that this was another sacrifice that these men and women had to do that was not fair to them. The repeal of this policy will not happen quickly because the

The Link Between Sleep and Stroke Links by the Research in the Paper

The Link Between Sleep and Stroke Links by the in the University of Cambridge - Research Paper Example Haemorrhagic stroke is also known as cerebral haemorrhages or intracranial haemorrhages. These types of strokes are not as common as ischaemic strokes. Sudden bleeding in the brain causes a haemorrhagic stroke. This bleeding makes the brain to swell and increased pressure is build up in the skull thus busting. The swelling and pressure damage the tissues and the brain cells. High blood pressure is an example of a condition that causes a hemorrhagic stroke (Meschia 3-4). It weakens the arteries in the brain making them prone to rupture or split. There are things that increase the risk of high blood pressure which include smoking, obesity, an excessive amount of alcohol, lack of exercise and stress. Haemorrhagic strokes can as well occur as a result of rupture of a brain aneurysm and badly formed blood vessels in the brain (Connolly et al 1712). Stroke effects vary from one person to another depending on the type, location, severity and the number of strokes. There are both mental and physical effects of stroke. Weakness or paralysis is one effect that may affect one side of the whole body or just a leg or an arm. This leads to problems of balancing and coordinating because the weight of the weak side pulls against the strong side. The other effect is a problem when using a language where a person may have problem understanding writing or a speech, have the problem of thinking the right words to speak or write or have a problem of saying words clearly. Again, a person with a stroke may suffer vision and perception problems. The condition also causes cognitive problems which include problems with thinking, attention, memory, mental activities and learning (Go 28-30).

Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering Essay Example for Free

Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering Essay Studies of construction management address the phenomena of construction problems and explore the nature of construction technology. Manufacturing technologies are categorized into mass, unit and continuous process of productions. Construction technology is classified as a unit production through contrasting construction activities and fabrications. Although the efficiency of construction technology is low in terms of unit production, it is associated with benefits such as zero stocks and flexibility. This report provides a description of materials/techniques used in the current construction of modern domestic properties, industrial unit properties, their comparison and critical analysis of the performance of building structures. It also encompasses on the principles used by builders to perform their functions, characteristics and behaviour of internal materials used in the construction. People have been looking for efficient production systems since the industrial revolution. However, most projects are still built under traditional way of one-of-a-kind production. Application of IT in construction has also failed to produce the intended results. Therefore, nature of construction technology needs to be understood more in order to explain inefficiencies that are surrounding the technology and theory that solves the construction problems (Sarkar 2008). According to Daft (2004), technology refers to the tools, machines, actions and techniques used in transforming organizational information and materials (input) into products and services (output). 1.0 Construction technology                It involves the study of construction techniques to successfully achieve the design of the structure with the recommended specifications (Sabnis, 2011). It includes temporary work and study of construction equipment needed to facilitate the construction process. The recent trend is towards constructing taller and lighter buildings. In order to achieve such buildings, sophisticated equipment needs to be employed in the construction process. 1.1 Current construction techniques/materials                The current methods of construction provide important benefits to developers and housing authorities which reduces the emphasis of on-site activity. This criterion is important particularly in the time of increasing demand of an already stretched labour force. Any new implementation of doing things is faced with risks, but such risks can be mitigated through having good planning and project management. Yvette Cooper, a planning and housing minister quoted, â€Å"people must ensure that the new homes they are constructing are affordable to the next generations. This report shows that it is easier to build cheaper and faster using modern construction techniques whilst keeping high quality of traditional methods. 1.1.1 Modern methods of construction (MMC)                Modern techniques of constructing houses developed as early as 1945 after WWII, it was used by most of the developed countries such as Germany during buildings fabrication after WWII. Later these techniques spread in many countries and they are commonly used in India during the construction process. As technology, construction knowledge and manufacturing processes increase so do the number of available methods of house construction increases to house builders. Modern Method of construction is a collection of new relatively construction techniques aimed at offering advantages over traditional methods (Altenbach, 2013). Conventionally, this is an area pioneered by self builders, mostly in terms of sustainable construction. As developers’ sticks continually to the proven construction techniques that satisfy buyer demand, self builders have been willing to research, try and invest something different so as to achieve individual homes that meet their need. In an effort of increasing housing demand, shortage of skills and the set targets by Code of sustainable homes, many governments are encouraging the house-building sector to develop and use MMC technique in an attempt to meet these challenges. Most of these modern construction techniques evolved from their traditional predecessors. Techniques such as structural insulated panels (SIPS) and thin joint systems with Air Crete blocks are part of the on going evolution of timber frame and masonry construction (Kuzio 2009). Other familiar techniques have developed in the larger scale commercial construction. This has brought alternatives with interesting qualities of house building. Development of steel frame systems and in-situ concrete techniques led to the development of insulated concrete forms (ICF). 1.1.2 Advantages of modern methods of construction Reduced impact on residents and effect of weather on production Controlled manufacture and reduced fuel consumption and disruptions as a result of fewer materials delivered. Reduced construction defects and time consumed. High quality buildings 1.1.3 Modern domestic properties 1.1.4 Illustrations                Larger construction components can be incorporated into either MMC dwellings or conventionally built. They are not full housing ‘systems,’ but they are factory made or site-assembled. This category comprises of the following components and sub-assemblies. This involves a series of assembled components and pre-fabricated ground beams to form quick and accurate foundations (Koerner 2005). These are pre-fabricated panels designed specifically for floor construction. Fewer on-site labour hours are needed per square meter of floor, and the reduced work at heights has safety and potential health benefits (Hearn 2012). It involves designed pre-fabricated panels specifically for pitched roofs. These panels are very stiff which are designed to leave the loft free of props and struts, thus allowing easy production of ‘room’ in the construction of the roof. These roof cassettes make the building become water weight more quickly than cut roof constructions or conventional trussed rafter. These are roofs assembled at ground level before the shell of the dwelling is constructed. It can be craned into place immediately the superstructure is in place hence creating a weather tight structure more quickly rather than assembling the roof in situ (Corum Scotland 2010). Factory made dormers are used to speed up the roof watertight making process. Pre-fabricated lightweight chimney stacks made from factories are mounted on the roof structure without using masonry flue, thus making them suitable for construction of a lightweight frame. These chimney stacks can accommodate flue liners hence functioning with combustion appliances. Wiring looms                Cabling systems are manufactured in a way that they can quickly be assembled with relatively unskilled labour. They are made of various lengths terminated with plugs that are plugged into sockets and other electrical items (Quinn 2008). Standards are critical steps from development and research to marketplace adoption. Today, many industries are faced not only with managing technological development march, but also with pressures of how to do so cost-effectively, efficiently and with environmental and public safety being in mind. The appearance, energy efficiency, component materials and habitable structures’ environmental impacts have dramatically changed over the last few years. This is as a result of successful standardization of processes, new materials and technologies. This section provides a sample of more recently developed shows and construction technologies, which has been facilitated by provision of the needed standards by ASTM international’s technical committees. These standards have swept off technologies of new construction to the drawing board and into the currently built environment. A Building’s Skin                5488940117475Exterior Insulation and Finishing Systems (EIFS) were used in Germany after WW II to resurface buildings that were damaged by the conflict ravages. They are lightweight, systems of multi-layer barrier that helps in keeping moisture from outer walls. With several components, from foam insulation panels fastened to the base and a substrate coat, to the finishing coat and reinforcing mesh, EIFS is a complex system with materials required to connect successfully for years so as to keep moisture at bay (Noble 2011). EIFS standards development has been the key role of ASTM international Committee E06 on buildings’ performance since 1990’s. Their subcommittee E06.58 on finishing systems and exterior insulation published its first EIFS standard, test methods used in determining breaking strength tensile of reinforcing mesh of glass fibre. This publication was for use in class PB finishing systems and exterior insulation, after it was exposed to sodium hydroxide solution in 2000. Stone masonry Veneer                548894093980The design freedom and cost savings offered by the products of stone masonry veneer have led to their increased use in architectural projects. In comparison to natural stone, manufactured stone veneers can be precisely colored, reinforced with steel, and have a predictable and durable life. The appearance consistency of the manufactured products makes repetitive use of materials as a trim or ornament economically feasible. Additionally, older structures can be renovated with manufactured veneer stones that replicate the deteriorating stone’s appearance (Gunn 2012). It is a technology in which sealant adhesives are used to attach the glass to a building. In the last 20years, structural glazing has experienced exponential growth. It has been in use in industrial construction and other city buildings all over the world. Wood-plastic Composites                Since 1990s, recycled plastic and wood waste has been used as environmentally friendly and economic alternatives for decks. Components such as cladding, railings, molding, siding and trim, door frames and window; and structures such as small park benches. Concrete, which have been in use for a long time in construction of roads and structures is developing in a way that make it less expensive, more varied, safer, easier use and even more environmentally friendly. For example, a self-consolidating concrete that flows into forms was proposed in 1980s’ theory by a Japanese scientist. It has recently become viable as it used in infrastructural projects around the world. It properties are achieved by applying high-range-water-reducing mixtures; it increases the total quantity of fines applying admixtures that modify its plastic state viscosity (Li 2011). The innovative building enclosures’ design relies less on past successful precedents than use of building science. This is a result of changes in methods and materials resulting from building innovation technology. Earlier building enclosures were only expected to provide a degree of environmental separation and be durable, but the recent structures must address issues like day lighting, energy efficiency, fire safety, thermal comfort, and indoor air quality and carbon footprint (Grondzik 2008). In half a century ago, wall performance requirements were outlined which are now applicable to all components and enclosure systems. The following are the major considerations that were identified: Rigidity and strength Control of heat flow Control of airflow Control of water vapour flow Liquid water control movement Durability and stability of materials Fire, aesthetic considerations and cost Since the time of Hutcheon, additional objectives such as environmental impact consideration associated with building materials and methods and the need to provide secure and safe buildings have been adopted. The acceptable requirements of wall performance were implicit within traditional materials and methods of construction. With the modern building science advent, they have become more explicit in response to technological innovation. The table below summarizes the requirements of contemporary performance and their corresponding assessment parameters. Moderator versus separator                A critical principle used in building science involves the difference between moderation versus environmental separation. For example, fire and smoke control movement is a strategy that attempts to completely separate fire and smoke from the indoor environment. The approach employs a fire-related assembly that fully controls leakage of smoke by virtue of the construction of its airtight and in some cases, the air pressures’ control between compartmentalized spaces. Moderation involves a strategy where the difference between outdoor and indoor severity environments is moderated within the tolerable threshold. For example, heat transfer control does not seek to minimize the rate to zero, but to a level that satisfies energy efficiency, comfort requirements, and the control of wetting/condensation. The following table summarizes the key control strategies for building enclosures’ design, which is involved in moderation strategy. A review of the corresponding control strategies and physical phenomena indicates the control of moisture migration is of the most important control function that needs to be addressed by designers. Problems of moisture in buildings are common and vary broadly in consequences and types. These consequences range from cosmetic flaws to structural failure and in some cases the occupants’ health can be affected adversely as in the case of mold growth leading to respiratory and allergic problems. 2.0 Range of construction forms 2.1 Provision and access of internal division of spaces within buildings                Service integration should be jointly considered by the architect/designer, service and structural engineers. The interface between the fabric and the structure together with the service installations can cause problems. These problems can be in terms of the need to have re-route services within the structural elements or the purpose of passing through those elements (Luraghi 2008). Both structural and non-structural integration methods should be considered. The following are some of the spaces and divisions that an architect needs to consider. They should be installed so as to provide access to a building roof. The installation and design of the anchorage and the attachment system for the ladders should be described in MMAH standard supplementary. Fuel-fired appliances should be installed in service rooms from the building’s remainder by fire separations with the fire rating resistance which is not less than one hour. A more than 600 mm high roof space needs to be provided with floor access immediately before the hatchway that is not less than 550 mm by 990 mm or by a stairway. It consists of duct spaces and ceiling, which is more than 600mm wide and 1200mm high, shall have inspection doors. It should not be less than 300mm in both vertical and horizontal dimensions placed so that the entire space or duct interior can be viewed (Kuzio 2009). A fabric is a material structure selection, engineering, proper design, installation and fabrication of all work together to ensure a sound structure (Foster 2010). The role of material in the structure’s performance makes the selection process important. This is true particularly with air-supported and tensile structures because their frames, as well as their membranes carry the load. Membrane materials                Fabrics are typically laminated and coated with synthetic materials for environmental resistance and greater strength. Most of the widely used materials are polyester coated or laminated with PVC, woven fiberglass that is coated with silicone or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Films, Meshes and other materials also have appropriate applications. Polyesters                It is the most frequently base material used due to its cost, durability, strength and stretch. They are coated or laminated with PVC films and thus they are the least expensive for long-term fabrications. Laminates consist of vinyl films over knitted or woven polyester meshes. Coated fabrics typically use a high-tensile, high-count coated fabric with a bondable substance at the base for extra strength. Lighter fabrics are commonly used insulated and acoustic liners suspended beneath an envelope of a structure. For long-term exterior application, heavier materials are needed: fabrics with top coatings of PVF or PVDF (Zhu 2011). These top coatings are responsible with providing a protective finish to withstand environmental degradation. Vinyl-coated polyester                It is a common fabric used when producing flexible structures, such as canopies, walkways, custom-designed awnings, smaller air-supported structures, tent hall and light member-framed structures (ManCuso 2012). Properties of building materials Group Properties Physical Shape, Density, Size, Specific Gravity etc., Mechanical Strength, Plasticity, Elasticity, Toughness, Hardness, Ductility, Brittleness, Stiffness, Creep, Impact Strength, Fatigue etc., Thermal Thermal conductivity, Thermal capacity, Thermal resistivity, etc., Chemical Corrosion resistance, Acidity, Chemical composition, Alkalinity etc., Optical Colour, Light transmission, Light reflection etc., Acoustical Sound absorption, Reflection and Transmission. Physiochemical Hygroscopicity, Swell and Shrinkage due to moisture changes 3.2 Comparison of materials/techniques used in construction                The use of steel in the residential construction and housing sector has grown rapidly over the last ten years. This has been facilitated due to the growing appreciation of the performance benefits arising from the nature of the off-site of the construction process, which is particularly important in mixed-use or urban buildings. Steel construction technologies of an off-site increase the speed of construction and improve the final quality of the building, and can add points to the Code for Sustainable Homes. The main steel market in this area is in multi-storey residential buildings, and mostly mix-use buildings. Domestic buildings versus industrial buildings                A building classified as domestic is one which an individual uses as a dwelling place and provides separate family living quarters for separate family units (Richardson 2008). On the other hand, building not used in connection with a residence and not located on the same parcel as a residence, it is classified as industrial property. Most of the industrial/commercial buildings have been using pre-fabricated construction such as ceiling panels, prefab wall panels, flooring system and plasterboards to create interiors of offices (Domone 2008). Prefab materials provide the option of buildings’ customizing for specific needs such as water and fire resistance and soundproofing. However, individual owners of homes have not yet gained enough confidence with prefab construction. This increases its demand for commercial spaces and from large developers but use by individuals in their homes is yet to gain popularity. 4.0 Critical review of how building structures perform                Organization structure may be considered the organization’s anatomy, providing the foundation in which the organization functions. Hall (1977) noted from simple observation that an organizational structure affects its members’ behavior. The particular building’s structure is a major determinant of the people’s activities within it. Hall suggested two basic functions of the structure each of which may affect organizational performance or individual behavior within the industry. First, they are designed at least to minimize or regulate individual variations influence on the organization (Brown and London 2000). Organizational structure is also the setting in which decisions are made, power is exercised, and organization’s activities carried out. Van de Ven (1976) highlighted the structure’s importance both at the subunit levels and the organization for the performance of organizations. Conclusion                Construction technology produces goods and provides services at the same time. The construction process is having low predictability and is highly uncertain. Many intermediate items are integrated and created by human operations with low standardization, mechanization and automation. The benefits of construction technology include high flexibility, zero stock, and satisfactory social needs. As these benefits appreciated, industry that is responsible with construction should consider improving integration of construction job site activities. Thus, we should examine and understand the construction technology fundamentally before successive e-construction programs and construction automation. References Altenbach, H. (2013). Advanced materials modeling for structures. Berlin: Springer. Brophy, V., Lewis, J. O. (2011). A green Vitruvius: principles and practice of sustainable architectural design (2nd ed.). London: Earthscan. Domone, P. L., Illston, J. M. (2010). Construction materials: their nature and behaviour (4th ed.). Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Spon Press. Foster, J. S. (2010). Structure and fabric (6th ed.). Harlow: Longman Scientific Technical. Grondzik, W. T. (2008). Principles of building commissioning. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley Sons. Kuzio, T., Kravchuk, R. S., Anieri, P. J. (2009). State and institution building in Ukraine. New York: St. Martins Press. Leatherbarrow, D. (2009). Architecture oriented otherwise. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Luraghi, N. (2008). The ancient Messenians: constructions of ethnicity and memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mancuso, C. (2012). Unsaturated soils research and applications. Berlin: Springer. Sabnis, G. M. (2011). Green building with concrete: sustainable design and construction. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Sarkar, S. K., Saraswati, S. (2008). Construction technology. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Zhu, Y. (2011). Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering, June 19-22, 2011, Miami, Florida. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers. Gunn, S. (2012). Stone House Construction. Melbourne: CSIRO Pub.. Hearn, L., Gray, K. r. (2012). Across the nightingale floor / [sound recording] (Unabridged. ed.). Minneapolis, MN: HighBridge. Koerner, R. M. (2005). Geosynthetics Research and Development in Progress (GRI-18) Geo-Frontiers 2005. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers. Li, Z. (2011). Advanced concrete technology. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Noble, J. A. (2011). African identity in post-apartheid public architecture: white skin, black masks. Farnham: Ashgate Pub.. Planning appeal by Corum Scotland Ltd: installation of air conditioning cassettes to roof level at 82 Hyndland Road, Glasgow : [letter]. (2010). Falkirk: Inquiry Reporters Unit. Quinn, J. (2008). An Evaluation of the Eclypse ESP Hand-Held Standing Wave Reflectometer. Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center. Source document